Ashby Diagram Software Update Our Models

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For now, lets store articles in other languages along with the English ones.

Hoewel dit prijzenswaardig is, merkt het OESO-rapport op dat 95 van alle Britse ondernemingen al breedband hebben, zij het met een vraatzuchtige eetlust voor meer bandbreedte.

Het is duidelijk dat een snelle internetverbinding mogelijk nodig is, maar dit is niet voldoende voor een verbeterde productiviteit en concurrentiekracht.

We moeten begrijpen wat, wanneer bedrijven breedband hebben, ze het gebruiken.

Het VK ligt iets boven het gemiddelde van 80, maar ligt ver achter op Zwitserland en Finland, terwijl 95 van alle bedrijven een aanwezigheid op het web hebben.

His original formulation isnt easy to extract into a blog post, but the Principia Cybernetica website has a pretty good definition.

Heres a concrete example I find useful for thinking about it.

If you have sensor information that measures the tilt angle,, you can use that data to build a control system to push on the cart in order to keep the pendulum from falling over.

Information about the tilt angle is part of the model that the control system has about the physical system its trying to control.

There are now two tilt angles to worry about: it can fall towardsaway from your body, or it can fall leftright.

Imagine you can only move your hand forward and back, but not left or right.

Because of this, the control system wont be able to correct for the other angle: the pendulum will fall over.

If it isnt, then the physical system can get into states that the control system wont be able to deal with.

We invariably run into trouble when the systems we build get into states that the designer never imagined happening.

A fun example of this case is some pathological traffic pattern.

In particular, we cant imagine the changes that people are going to make in the future that will create new states that we simply could not ever imagine needing to handle.

The variety of the world exceeds the variety our control systems are designed to handle.

Thats why, when our software-based control systems fail and the humans get paged in, the humans are eventually able to make sense of what state the system has gotten itself into and put things right.

But we can revise of our (mental) models of the system in ways that our software-based control systems cannot, and thats why we can deal effectively with incidents.

Ashby Diagram Software Update Our Models

Because of how we can update our models, we can adapt where software cannot.